TO_TIMESTAMP

You are looking at the documentation for Firebolt’s redesigned date and timestamp types. These types were introduced in DB version 3.19 under the names PGDATE, TIMESTAMPNTZ and TIMESTAMPTZ, and synonyms DATE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMPTZ made available in DB version 3.22.

If you worked with Firebolt before DB version 3.22, you might still be using the legacy date and timestamp types. Determine which types you are using by executing the query SELECT EXTRACT(CENTURY FROM DATE '2023-03-16');. If this query returns a result, you are using the redesigned date and timestamp types and can continue with this documentation. If this query returns an error, you are using the legacy date and timestamp types and can find legacy documentation here, or instructions to use the new types here.

Converts a string to TIMESTAMPTZ type (i.e., timestamp with time zone) using format.

Syntax

TO_TIMESTAMP(<expression> [,'<format>'])

Parameters

Parameter	Description	Supported input types
`<expression>`	The text to convert to a timestamp with time zone. If no optional `<format>` argument is given that can be use to parse the `<expression>`, the following format is required: any supported date format directly followed by `( \\|T)[H]H:[m]m:[S]S[.F]`. (For supported date formats see TO_DATE	`TEXT`
`<format>`	Optional. A string literal that specifies the format of the `<expression>` to convert.	`TEXT` (see below)

Accepted <format> patterns include the following specifications:

Format option	Description	Example
`YYYY`	Year (4 or more digits)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('2023', 'YYYY'); --> '2023-01-01 00:00:00+00'`
`YYY`	Last 3 digits of year	`TO_TIMESTAMP('2023', 'YYY'); --> '2023-01-01 00:00:00+00'`
`YY`	Last 2 digits of year	`TO_TIMESTAMP('2023', 'YY'); --> '2023-01-01 00:00:00+00'`
`Y`	Last digit of year	`TO_TIMESTAMP('2023', 'Y'); --> '2023-01-01 00:00:00+00'`
`MONTH`	Full month name (case insensitive)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('august', 'MONTH'); --> '0001-08-01 00:00:00+00'`
`MON`	abbreviated month name (3 chars, case insensitive)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('dec', 'MON'); --> '0001-12-01 00:00:00+00'`
`MM`	Month number (01–12)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('7', 'MM'); --> '0001-07-01 00:00:00+00'`
`DD`	Day of month (01–31)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('15', 'DD'); --> '0001-01-15 00:00:00+00'`
`HH` or `HH12`	Hour of day (01–12)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('8', 'hh'); --> '0001-01-01 08:00:00+00'`
`HH24`	Hour of day (00–23)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('18', 'hh24'); --> '0001-01-01 18:00:00+00'`
`MI`	Minute (00–59)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('35', 'hh'); --> '0001-01-01 00:35:00+00'`
`SS`	Second (00–59)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('52', 'hh'); --> '0001-01-01 00:00:52+00'`
`MS`	Millisecond (000–999)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('89', 'ms'); --> '0001-01-01 08:00:00.89+00'`
`US`	Microsecond (000000–999999)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('04852', 'hh'); --> '0001-01-01 08:00:00.04852+00'`
`AM` or `PM`	meridiem indicator (without periods)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('5 am', 'hh PM'); --> '0001-01-01 05:00:00+00+00'`
`A.M.` or `P.M.`	meridiem indicator (with periods)	`TO_TIMESTAMP('5 p.m.', 'hh A.M.'); --> '0001-01-01 17:00:00+00'`
`TZH`	Time zone hours	`TO_TIMESTAMP('12 -2', 'hh24 TZH'); --> '0001-01-01 14:00:00+00+00'`
`TZM`	Time zone minutes	`TO_TIMESTAMP('12 45', 'hh24 TZM'); --> '0001-01-01 11:15:00+00`

Usage notes for formatting

Case letters in the input <expression> are ignored
A separator (non-digit and non-letter) in the <format> string will match exactly one separator or is skipped
Any non-separator in the <format> that is not part of a format option will match exactly one other character.
Any character in quotes " will match exactly one other character.
If the year format specification is 'YYY', 'YY', or 'Y' and the supplied year is less than four digits, the year will be adjusted to be nearest to the year 2020, (e.g., 80 becomes 1980).
Milliseconds and microseconds are interpreted as subseconds in the form ss.xxx[xxx]. This means that TO_TIMESTAMP('30.7', 'SS.MS') is not 7 milliseconds, but 700, because it will be treated as 30 + 0.7 seconds. To achieve 7 milliseconds, one ust write 30.007 instead.
Modifiers (e.g., 'FM') are not supported.

Examples

The example below shows our separators and non-separators can cause skips. The separator ' ' (space) in the <format> matches the other separator '/' in the <expression>. The non-separator 'x' will match any other character, in this case the 'a'. Lastly, the two separators '++' will match up to two other separators, here the first 'x' matches '.' while the second 'x' will simply be ignored as no other separators follow.

SELECT
    TO_TIMESTAMP(
        '2023/aJUN.23',
        'YYYY xMON++DD'
    );

Returns: '2023-06-23 00:00:00+00'

The example below shows how the year is adjusted to be nearest to 2020 because YYY was used to match a less than four digit number. To receive the exact year '180' use YYYY instead. Furthermore, as the three separators are quotes "..." they will match any character (separator or non-separator) which in this case is 'ar '.

SELECT
    TO_TIMESTAMP(
        'Year 180: August 4th',
        'xx"..."yyy: month DDxx'
    );

Returns: '2180-08-04 00:00:00+00'

SELECT
    TO_TIMESTAMP(
        'Date: August 2nd, 2023 at 3pm +2',
        'Date: month DDxx, YYYY at HH12am TZH'
    );

Returns: '2023-08-02 13:00:00+00'

SELECT
    TO_TIMESTAMP(
        'h:19 m:34 s:29 ms:035 us:000123',
        'X:hh24 X:mi X:ss XX:ms XX:us'
    );

Returns: '0001-01-01 19:34:29.035123+00'