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> Reference for SQL functions available in Firebolt.

# SQL functions

See a [full function glossary](/reference-sql/functions-reference/functions-glossary), or find functions based on type from the list below:

* [Aggregate functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/aggregation)\
  Perform a calculation across a set of rows, returning a single value.

* [AI functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/ai)\
  Invoke large language models (LLMs).

* [Array functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/array)\
  Used for the manipulation and querying of `ARRAY`-type data, such as transforming and filtering. Includes [Lambda functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/lambda).

* [Binary functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/bytea)\
  Used for manipulation and querying of `BYTEA`-type data, such as encoding and decoding.

* [Conditional and miscellaneous functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/conditional-and-miscellaneous)\
  Include various methods for modifying data types and applying conditional operations.

* [DataSketches functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/datasketches)\
  Apache Datasketches is a library designed to efficiently summarize and analyze large-scale data using probabilistic data structures known as sketches. These sketches provide approximate answers to complex queries, such as distinct counting, quantile estimation, and frequency estimation, with high accuracy and significantly reduced memory usage. This makes Datasketches ideal for big data applications where traditional exact methods are impractical due to time or space constraints.

* [Date and time functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/date-and-time)\
  Manipulate date and time data types.

* [Geospatial functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/geospatial)\
  Operations involving geospatial objects

* [JSON functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/json)\
  Extract and transform JSON into Firebolt native types, or JSON sub-objects. Used either during the ELT process or applied to columns storing JSON objects as plain `TEXT`.

* [Numerical functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/numeric)\
  Manipulate data types including `INTEGER`, `BIGINT`, `DOUBLE PRECISION`, and other numeric types.

* [Session functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/session)\
  Obtaining information about a current session.

* [String functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/string)\
  Manipulate string data types.

* [Table-valued functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/table-valued)\
  Return a set of rows. Commonly used to read files from Amazon S3.

* [Vector functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/vector)\
  Perform vector operations on `ARRAY`-type data.

* [Window functions](/reference-sql/functions-reference/window)\
  Perform a calculation across a specified set of table rows.