> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.firebolt.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Statements

> BigQuery DDL and DML statements supported in BigQuery compatibility mode.

<span className="feature-tag">Preview</span>

BigQuery [data definition](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language) (DDL) and [data manipulation](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language) (DML) statements in [BigQuery compatibility mode](/compatibility-modes/bigquery/overview).

## Data definition language

| Statement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | Support          | Notes                                                                                                                       |
| :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [`CREATE TABLE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Supported        | Column-definition and `AS SELECT` forms. `CREATE OR REPLACE` is supported. Requires either a column list or an `AS SELECT`. |
| [`CREATE VIEW`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_view_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | Supported        | `AS SELECT` form.                                                                                                           |
| [`CREATE SCHEMA`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_schema_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Supported        | `IF NOT EXISTS` supported. `AUTHORIZATION` is not supported; `OPTIONS(...)` and `DEFAULT COLLATE` are ignored.              |
| [`DROP TABLE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#drop_table_statement), [`DROP VIEW`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#drop_view_statement), [`DROP SCHEMA`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#drop_schema_statement) | Supported        | `IF EXISTS`, `CASCADE`/`RESTRICT`, and multiple objects in one statement.                                                   |
| [`CREATE VECTOR INDEX`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_vector_index_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | With limitations | Requires a `dimension` option (Firebolt needs an explicit vector dimension that BigQuery infers).                           |
| [`ALTER TABLE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#alter_table_set_options_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | With limitations | One operation per statement. Dropping several columns in one statement is not supported.                                    |
| [`CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_materialized_view_statement), `DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW`                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |
| [`CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_external_table_statement)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |
| `CREATE TABLE LIKE`, `CREATE TABLE COPY`, `CREATE TABLE CLONE`, `CREATE SNAPSHOT TABLE`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |
| [`CREATE FUNCTION`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_function_statement), `CREATE TABLE FUNCTION`, `CREATE PROCEDURE`, `DROP FUNCTION`                                                                                                                                                                                             | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |
| `CREATE ROW ACCESS POLICY`, `CREATE SEARCH INDEX`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |
| `ALTER SCHEMA`, `ALTER VIEW`, `ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW`, `ALTER ORGANIZATION`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Not supported    |                                                                                                                             |

## Data manipulation language

| Statement                                                                                                                                  | Support       | Notes                                                                                                    |
| :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [`INSERT`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language#insert_statement)                 | Supported     | `INSERT ... VALUES` and `INSERT ... SELECT`. The target must be a plain table name.                      |
| [`UPDATE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language#update_statement)                 | Supported     | With a `WHERE` clause.                                                                                   |
| [`DELETE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language#delete_statement)                 | Supported     | With a `WHERE` clause.                                                                                   |
| [`TRUNCATE TABLE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language#truncate_table_statement) | Supported     | Removes all rows (executed as an unconditional delete). Multiple targets in one statement are supported. |
| [`MERGE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-manipulation-language#merge_statement)                   | Not supported |                                                                                                          |

## Limitations

* Column types in a `CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT` column list are read as names only and do not re-type the selected columns.
* `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE` do not support a `RETURNING` clause.
* Procedural statements (`CALL`, `EXECUTE IMMEDIATE`, scripting) and data control statements (`GRANT`, `REVOKE`) are not supported in this mode. Use native Firebolt SQL for [access control](/reference-sql/commands/access-control/create-role).
